baillie



2' Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

J. BAILLIE.

W001) PLANING MACHINE.

No. 387,757. Patented Aug. 14,1888.

Wz'inesses:

(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

J. BAILLIE. I

WOOD PLANING MACHINE. No. 387,757. Patented Aug. 14, 1888.

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NITED STATES PATENT rrrcn.

JOHN BAl'LLlE, OF SALEM, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO EDYVIN BATLLTE, OF SAME PLACE.

WOOD PLANlNG MACHINE.

ESFECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 387,757, dated August 14, 1888.

Application filed March 9, 1886. Serial No. 194,515. (No model.)

T (LZZ whom it may concern:

3e itknown that I, J onN Barman, of Salem, in the county of Columbianaan d State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improve- 5 ments in Woodllaning Machines, of which improvements the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of woodplaning machines known as Daniels or traverse planers, in which the material to to be worked traverses with and upon a reciprocating carriage below a series of rotating cutters which operate transversely to the grain of the wood.

The object of my invention is to provide a (5 planing-machine ot'such character, which shall be of simple and inexpensive construction, and which may be operated either by hand or by power, as desired.

To this end my invention, generally stated, consists in a traverse planing-machinein which are combined a bed-piece acting as a transverse brace and connection for the frame members, and having bearings for a driving-shaft and a feed-shaft, a drivingshaft journaled in the bed-piece and having a driving-pulley on one end and ascat or hearing for ahand-erank on the other, a cutter-head fixed upon a shaft suspended upon a bearing located within an oil-chamber fixed to a verticallysliding head 0 or carrier, a driving-pulley,and a pair of idler or guide pulleys carrying a belt for rotating the cutter-shaft, a sliding table for carrying the work or stock to be planed, and a feed mechanism adapted to be actuated either from the driving-shaft or independently thereof.

The improvements claimed are hereinafter fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is front view, in elevation, of atraverse planing machine embodying my invention; Fig.2, a

transverse section at the center of the vertical shaft of the feed mechanism; Fig. 3, avertical section, on an enlarged scale, through the upper-portion of the feed-shaft carrier and its 5 supporting post or standard; Fig. 4, aplan or top view, on an enlarged scale, of the cutterhead; Fig. 5, a vertical section through the same at the line a; of Fig. 4; Fig. 6, a view in perspective of one of the cutters detached; Fig. 7, a horizontal section through the cutter-shaft carrier and its standard at the line 10 w of Fig. 3,- Fig. 8, a vertical central section, on an enlarged scale, through the step and oil-reservoir of the cutter-shaft; Figs. 9 and 10, side and front views, respectively, of the swinging crank by which the cone-pulley of the horizontal feedshaft is made fast or loose thereon, as desired; and Fig. 11, a plan or top view of the step or hearing of the-cutter-shaft.

In the practice of my invention I provide a frame composed of upper and lower longitudinal beams or stringers, 1 2, vertical posts 3,diagonal braces at, and transverse end pieces, 5. The frame is firmly braced and tied to- 65, gether at or near its center by a cast-metal bed piece, which also serves to support the bearings of the driving and vertical feed-shafts and the post of the cutter-shaft carrier, as presently to be described. The bed-piece is composed of a horizontal transverse plate, 6. having vertical end flanges, 7, on its ends and on its upper side, which fit against the sides of the frame-stringers 1, lower vertical end flanges, 8, fitting against theinnerlongitudinal sides of the center vertical frame-posts, 3, vertical transverse ribs 9, fitting against the transverse sides of said posts, and a projecting horizontal plate, 10, covering one of the stringers 1, and supporting on its upper side the vertical post or standard 11 of the cuttershaft, and on its lower side one of the bearings 12 of a horizontal main or driving shaTf,

13. A vertical rib or plate, 14, extends across the bed-piece between the end flanges, 7, said 8 5 plate having a central bearing, 15, for a feedshaft, 16. The frame-posts and stringers are firmly secured by bolts to the adjacent flanges of the bed-piece.

The main or driving shaft 13 is mounted o transversely to the frame in the bearing 12 of the bed-piece, and in a suitable bearing upon the opposite end of the bed-piece, and carries upon one of its ends fast and loose pulleys 17 18, for the reception of a belt for transmitting 5 power from a suitable prime mover wheuit is desired to so operate the machine, and has formed upon its opposite end a squared shank or seat, 19, adapted to receive the hub of a. hand-crank, 20, by means of which the ma- Ioo chine may be operated by hand. A bed or table, 21., for the reception of the stock to be planed, and provided with suitable clamps of any well-known and approved construction for holdingthe same,is adapted to traverse longitudinally on guides or ways 22 on the uppulley, 25, which may be made either fast or loose thereon, according as the shaft 24 is to be rotated from the driving-shaft 13, or independently thereof by hand, said pulley receiving a belt, 26, which passes around another conepulley, 27, on the driving-shaft, the relative speeds of the driving and feed shafts depending upon the diameters of the two cone-pulleys on which the belt 26 may be placed. The feed-shaft cone-pulley 25 is mounted loosely upon its shaft, and has a stop or projection, 28, on its outer side. A crank, 29, is pivoted to the feed-shaft 24, exterior to thecone-pulley 25, and when swung outwardly, so as to clear the stop 28, permits the shaft to be rotated independently of the pulley; but when moved inwardly upon its pivots makes the pulley fast upon the shaft, admitting, in the former position, of the rotation of the shaft by hand-power applied to the crank, and in the latter of its rotation through the belt 26 from the driving-shaft. The crank 29 is pivoted by a pair of eyes or bosses, 72, upon set-screws 74, forming trunnions and engaging a collar, 71, fixed upon the outer end of the shaft 24,ad-

o joining the hub or boss of its cone-pulley 25.

A tappct, 77, fitting in a recess in the crank 29, engages notches or recesses on the collar 71, being pressed thercinto by a spring, 78, and holds the crank either in position for a dog or projection, 73, on its inner face to engage the stop 28 of the cone-pulley, or for said stop to be clear thereof when the shaft 24 is to be rotated by hand. The handle of the crank is set-at an angle therewith,so as to be parallel ith the shaft 24 when the crank is swung into position for hand rotation. A sleeve, 30, having a bevelpinion, 31, upon eachof its ends, is adapted to slide longitudinally on a key or feather on the feed-shaft, so that either of said pinions may, as desired, be engaged with a corresponding gear, 32, fixed upon the lower end of a vertical feedshal't, 16, journaled in a lower bearing, 33, fixed to a cross-bar, 34, of the frame, and in the bearing 15 of the bedpiece. A spur-pinion, 35, fixed upon the upper end of the shaft 16, engages a rack, 36, on the lower side of the table 21., and thereby imparts rectilineal movement thereto in one or the other direction, respectively, according to the direction of rotation of the shaft 16, as determined by the pinion 31 of the shaft 24, which may be-engaged with its lower gear, 32.

The sleeve 30 is shifted in position, so that either of its pinious 31 may be engaged with the gear 32 by a bell-erank-shifting lever, 37, pivoted to the cross-bar 34, and having its lower arm coupled by links 38 to pins on a ring, 39, fitting freely around the sleeve 30.

A verti(rally-traversing head or carrier, 40, is fitted to slide on guides or ways in a vertical post or standard, 11, which is secured at its base to the projecting horizontal plate 10 of the bed-piece. Thecarrier is moved upon the guides toward and from the upper surface of the stock upon the table 21 by an adjustingscrew, 43, journaled in hearings in the post 11 and engaging a nut, 44, in the carrier.' The screw 43 is rotated by a horizontal shaft, 45, mounted in hearings on the top of the post and provided with crank-arms 46, said shaft carrying a bevel-pinion, 47, engaging asimilar pinion, 48, on the adjustingscrew.

A cutter-shaft, 49, upon the lower end of which is screwed acutter-head,50, is suspended upon a step or bearing, 51, at the top of the carrier 40, and is maintained in normal axial position by guide-hearings 52 53 at the upper and lower ends of the carrier, between which guide-bearings a long cylindrical pulley, 54, is secured upon the cutter-shaft. A drivingpulley, 55, fixed upon the driving-shaft 13,ad jacent to its fast and loose pulleys 1'7 18, carries a belt, 56, which passes vertically to and around a guide-pulley or idler, 57, journaled on one side of the post 11, and thence horizontally and forwardly to and around the cutter-shaft pulley 54, from which it is led upwardly and rearwardly to and around another guide-pulley or idler, 58, which is journaled with its axis at an angle to that of the idler 57 on the post 11, (both the idlers 57 58 being located on the same side of the axis of the euttershaft 49, so that the belt 56 shall be crossed between said idlers and the cuttershaft pulley 54,) and thence to the driving pulley 55. The cutter-shaft pulley 54 is made of sufficient length to admit of the determined vertical traverse provided for the head 40 and the cuttershaft carried therein to accommodate stock of different thicknesses, so that the belt 56 may have its full bearing upon the pulley 51 at all points in such traverse; and it will be seen further that the belt,which in all vertical adjustments of the position of the head and shaft embraces the largest practicable segment of the surface of the cutter-shaft pulley, passes to said pulley perpendicularly to its axis and leaves it at an angle to its axis, so as to exert its traction most effectively upon it.

The upper step or bearing, 51, upon which the cutter-shaft 49 is hung and upon which it rotates, is of annular form and grooved upon its upper face for the reception of oil, and is fitted in an oil-chamber, 59, formed within a casting, 60, bolted to the top of the carrier 40. The cutter-shaft 49 bears upon the step 51 through a hardened steel collar, 61, screwed upon the end of the cutter-shaft. The oilchamber is closed by a cap, 62, having a hole,

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64, for the supply of oil. Endplay of the cutter-shaft is prevented hyaset-screw, 65,which may have a central oil-hole, 66, and is screwed centrally into the cap 62, so as to bear upon the end of the cutter-shaft, being locked in adjusted position in the cap by a jam-nut, 67.

The planing of the stock on the table 21 is effected by two or more gouge-shaped cutters, 68, each of which is secured in a socket, 69, at the outer end of one of the arms of the rotating cutter-head 50. The cutters 68 are formed of square steel, properly ground oif at their ends, and are fitted in sockets of similar section, in which they are clamped by set-screws 70, bearing upon one of their angles and holding them firmly against the two opposite faces of their sockets. Such construction is not herein claimed, as it will constitute the subicctmatter of a separate application by me.

My improvements provide a planing-machine of comparatively low cost of construction, which will effectively perform its function of planing lumber so as to be perfectly square and out of wind, and which, being susceptible of operation by hand or by power, as may be found most suitable, is desirably applicablc as a labor-saver in the shops of wagon and carriage makers and general workers in hard wood, particularly where the use of power is not convenient or practicable.

I claim as myinvcntion and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The combination of a frame formed of separable longitudinal stringers and vertical posts, a bed-piece connecting said stringers and posts and forming the base of a cutterhead post or standard, and a cutter-shaft and cutters mounted in hearings on a standard fixed upon said bed-piece, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a frame, a bed-piece connecting the stringers thereof, a drivingshaft mounted in a bearing in the bed-piece and carrying upon one end a driving-pulley and upon the other a seat or hearing for a hand-crank, a vertical standard fixed upon the bed-piece, and a cuttershaft and cutters mounted in hearings in said standard, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a frame, a bed-piece connecting the stringers thereof, a drivingshaft mounted in bearing in the bed-piece, a

horizontal feed-shaft adapted to be rotated either by a belt from the driving-shaft or independently thereof, and a vertical feed-shaft gearing with said horizontal feedshaft, said vertical shaft being journaled in a bearing in the bed-piece, and carrying a gear meshing with a rack on a table adapted to traverse on ways upon the frame-stringers,substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a frame, a drivingshaft carrying a pulley and mounted in bearings transversely to the frame, a vertical post or standard located upon one side of the frame, a carrier adapted to travel vertically on said post, a cuttershaft carrying a head and cutters and a long pulley and journaled in said carrier, and a pair of idlers or guide-pulleys journaled on the cutter-head standard, said idlers being arranged in approximately the same vertical plane and having their axes in clincd one to the other and located on the same side of the cutter-shaft, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a frame formed of longitudinal stringers and vertical posts, a bed-piece connecting said stringers and posts and provided with a lateral extension, a vertical post or standard fixed upon said lateral extension, a carrier adapted to traverse vertically on said post, a cutter-shaft carrying a head and cutters and journaled in said car rier, a drivingshaft journaled in the bedpiece, and a pair of idlers or guide-pulleys journaled on the cutter-head standard and adapted to carry a belt from a pulley on the drivingshaft to a pulley on the cutter-shaft, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of a cuttershaft carrier having an upper and a lower guide-bearing, an oil-chamber secured to the top of said car rier, a step or hearing fitted in said chamber, a cutter-shaft passing through the guide-bean ings and having a cutter-head and cutters on its lower end, a collar fixed upon the cuttershaft and resting upon the step, and a setscrew engaging the cap of the oil-chamber and bearing against the upper end of the cuttershaft, substantially as set forth.

JOHN BAILLIE.

Witnesses:

J. G. Boonn, FRANK Gnonon. 

